Card issuing platforms in Europe

🏦 Local IBANs: NL

Adyen (Netherlands) - global acquiring, card issuing and banking; Adyen Issuing offers BIN sponsorship for platforms plus business accounts with NL IBANs. Credit institution (bank), DNB; passported across the EEA (CRD IV). A rare EU-HQ global processor. Agentic-ready - named partner in Mastercard Agent Pay (AI-agent commerce).

🏦 Local IBANs: LT

Bankera (Lithuania) - business and personal banking (LT IBANs, SEPA/SWIFT, cards) operated via UAB Pervesk (EMI, Bank of Lithuania). Earlier 2017-18 ICO-funded history.

Cardlay (Denmark) - spend-management software with an own partner-issued virtual card programme; an expense add-on for bank card programmes.

🏦 Local IBANs: LT

ConnectPay (Lithuania) - BaaS and embedded finance for platforms (accounts, payments, cards). EMI No. 24 (Bank of Lithuania); PIS/AIS extension 2024.

CR2 (Dublin, Ireland; founded 1997) - digital-banking and payments software (BankWorld): digital banking, wallet, card issuing, ATM and merchant acceptance. 90+ bank implementations across 50+ countries. Irish-owned.

🏦 Local IBANs: LT GB

DiPocket (Lithuania; + UK) - card issuing and IBAN accounts; Visa & Mastercard Principal Member. EMI, Bank of Lithuania (EEA) + FCA (UK). SEPA + SWIFT, LT IBANs and UK Faster Payments.

Edenred Payment Solutions (ex-PrePay Solutions / PPS; UK + Belgium) - card issuing, BIN sponsorship and in-house processing; Mastercard + Visa primary issuer. FCA EMI (UK, FRN 900010) + PPS EU SA (NBB Belgium, passported to 7 EU countries). Part of Edenred SE (FR, listed); founding member of Mastercard BIN Sponsor Plus.

Enfuce (Finland) - card-as-a-service and BIN sponsorship across the EEA and UK; Visa & Mastercard Principal Member. Dual EMI (FIN-FSA + UK FCA, via Enfuce License Services). Visa holds a stake.

Fenige (Poland) - National Payment Institution (KNF, IP42/2017) and Visa/Mastercard member, running its own PCI-DSS processing platform directly to Visa/Mastercard.

🏦 Local IBANs: IE

Fire (Ireland) - EUR and GBP accounts, Irish IBANs and an API; a Payment Institution under the Central Bank of Ireland (Ref C58301), with a UK entity. NB: PI, not EMI.

🏦 Local IBANs: LT

Genome (UAB Maneuver, Lithuania; since 2018) - LT IBANs, accounts and cards. EMI LB000453 (Bank of Lithuania).

Giesecke+Devrient (Germany) - cards and digital payment security, including the Convego CloudPay HCE wallet.

🏦 Local IBANs: BG

iCard (Bulgaria) - personal and business IBANs, cards and a wallet (Phyre); the 2nd-largest EMI in Bulgaria (37.8% share). EMI, Bulgarian National Bank.

IDEMIA (France) - card manufacturing and tokenization; issuer / HCE wallet (token requestor).

Intersolve (Intersolve Payments B.V., Netherlands) - programmable-money infrastructure: white-label gift, loyalty and social card programmes plus the regulated foundation (licence, compliance, KYC, processing) for wallet platforms such as KUARIO. DNB-licensed EMI. Website consolidated onto intersolve.com (2026); no customer IBAN issuance documented - wallet payouts go to external bank accounts.

IT Card (Warsaw, Poland) - Poland's largest transaction processor (founded 2008); card issuing (1.6m+ cards), 3DS, the Planet Cash ATM network (~7,400) and Planet Pay POS acquiring. Licensed via Planet Pay - National Payment Institution (KNF), Visa Principal Member + Mastercard acquirer - offering 'fintech-in-a-box' BIN sponsorship. Operates PL/CZ/HR; SIBS (PT) took a majority stake (completed 2026). KRS 0000640662.

Juni (Juni Technology AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) - e-commerce spend management and banking for online businesses: cards, accounts, expense, accounting and global payments. EMI, Swedish FSA; USD 282m+ raised.

Klarna Bank AB (publ) (org. 556737-0431) - full banking licence Swedish FSA since 2017 (category 2 institution), passported EEA. BNPL pioneer; rolling out Klarna Card (debit) across 10 EU markets 2025; FCA authorisation UK (Jul 2025). NB: SFSA SEK 500m AML remark/fine 2025.

🏦 Local IBANs: LU

Mangopay (Mangopay S.A., Luxembourg) - marketplace and platform payments with per-user virtual IBANs. EMI, CSSF.

myPOS (founded Varna, Bulgaria 2014; London HQ) - SME card payments for 350k+ merchants across 35+ countries; EMI, Central Bank of Ireland (Dublin) for EU settlement. Being acquired by Advent International (US PE). Bulgarian roots.

🏦 Local IBANs: FR

Okali (SFPMEI, Banque de France; France) - a BaaS pioneer since 2013 and the regulated entity behind Spendesk, Blank, Helios and others. EMI; 100% Crédit Agricole subsidiary (Jan 2022).

🏦 Local IBANs: MT

Papaya Ltd (Malta) - Mastercard cards plus business and personal IBAN accounts; one of the first EU EMIs with direct SEPA access (SCT + SEPA Instant, Sep 2025), powering fintech apps (e.g. Blackcat). Maltese EMI (MFSA). Listed in the EPC register of SEPA participants; also acts as a correspondent institution giving other FIs regulated SEPA access.

🏦 Local IBANs: DE

PayCenter (Freising, Germany; since 2012) - current accounts with German IBANs and prepaid Mastercard cards for individuals and 8,000+ business customers; the first German EMI with its own BaFin BIC/sort code.

🏦 Local IBANs: BG GB

Paynetics (Bulgaria; + UK) - card issuing, BIN sponsorship and accounts; dedicated IBANs (SEPA + SWIFT) plus UK sort-code accounts. Dual EMI: BNB (No. 44) + FCA (942777; formerly TPR 900785).

Paynovate (Belgium) - card issuing and BIN sponsorship; Principal Member for Visa, Mastercard and Bancontact-Payconiq (a European domestic scheme). Belgian EMI (NBB); the #1 EMI in Belgium.

🏦 Local IBANs: LT

Paysera (Lithuania; since 2012) - LT IBANs, SEPA, multi-currency accounts and cards. EMI LB000251 (Bank of Lithuania).

🏦 Local IBANs: ES

Pecunpay (Pecunia Cards EDE SL, Spain; est. 2015) - card issuing and BIN sponsorship; Visa/Mastercard and the first Spanish issuer of UnionPay cards. Spanish EMI (Banco de Espana). First EMI with direct access to the Spanish payment system (Iberpay) and its own IBAN codes.

Own EMI: Pleo Financial Services ApS (Danish FSA ref 40506); spend + expense cards across 16 EU countries.

Pliant (Germany) - corporate credit cards as a service, issued on its own regulatory setup. EMI and Visa Principal Member (EU).

Qonto SA - payment institution, ACPR n° 16958; SME business banking (accounts, cards, invoicing, expense). 600k+ clients across 8 EU countries; in-house card processor. Filed for FR banking licence (Jul 2025) to add lending. Profitable since 2023.

RS2 (RS2 plc, Mosta, Malta; founded 1988; Malta SE-listed) - BankWORKS payment-processing software (issuer + acquirer processing) plus merchant solutions, deployed in 27 countries. Software / processing.

🏦 Local IBANs: LT

Satchel (SatchelPay UAB, Lithuania) - LT IBANs (personal and business) and cards. EMI No. 28 (Bank of Lithuania, reg 304628112).

🏦 Local IBANs: DE

Solaris (Germany) - BaaS, card issuing and BIN sponsorship on a German banking licence. Credit institution, BaFin. Acquired Contis (2021). NB: heightened BaFin supervision (onboarding restrictions, fines 2024-2025).

Straal Sp. z o.o. (KRS 0000694017, Warsaw); PL gateway/orchestration (200+ acquiring, 30+ currencies); cards, BLIK. KNF IP number to capture (likely SPI/KIP).

🏦 Local IBANs: LU

Striga (Luxembourg) - crypto BaaS, card issuing and virtual IBANs. EMI + CASP licence (Luxembourg). Acquired by Lightspark (US) - sovereignty flag.

SumUp (German roots; + UK) - SME acquiring and cards. EMI Bank of Lithuania (SumUp EU Payments UAB, LB001900) + UK entity.

🏦 Local IBANs: FR DE ES IT NL BE

Swan (France) - embedded banking, accounts and card issuing; Mastercard Principal Member sponsoring embedded card programmes. EMI, ACPR (ref 86245).

Thales (France) - cards and payment security, including an HCE digital wallet.

Transact Payments (Malta + Gibraltar) - card issuing and BIN sponsorship across the UK and EEA; Visa & Mastercard Principal Member. EMI (Malta MFSA + Gibraltar FSC). Being acquired by Marqeta (US) - sovereignty flag.

🏦 Local IBANs: FR

Treezor (France) - BaaS, card issuing and tokenization; Visa & Mastercard Principal Member. NB: Societe Generale entered exclusive negotiations to sell 100pct of Treezor to French investech Shares (2026).

Verestro (Poland) - card and wallet technology delivered via partners Monavate (cards) and Unblock (IBANs, CH).

🏦 Local IBANs: LT

Vialet (Via Payments UAB, Lithuania) - business accounts with dedicated LT IBANs (no pooled accounts), virtual cards, card acquiring, SEPA Instant + SWIFT, mass payouts and open banking. EMI, Bank of Lithuania.

🏦 Local IBANs: GR

Viva.com (Greece) - payments, card issuing and business accounts across the EEA-31 and UK; ALL account IBANs are Greek (GR) - help centre (Jan 2026): "the option to select or issue a local IBAN is not supported" (earlier local-IBAN positioning withdrawn; the account product page no longer mentions IBANs at all). Greek banking licence (VIVABANK SA) + EMI, Bank of Greece; JPMorgan majority owner.

🏦 Local IBANs: EE

Wallester (Estonia) - card issuing and BIN sponsorship; Visa Principal Member (since 2018), Mastercard via partner. Estonian FSA payment institution; UK entity holds an FCA EMI. Wallester Business EUR IBAN accounts (issued via LHV Bank, EE).

Walletto (Lithuania) - card issuing and acquiring with BIN sponsorship; Visa & Mastercard Principal Member. EMI No. 33, Bank of Lithuania (since 2018).

🏦 Local IBANs: FR

Xpollens (France) - BaaS / 'payments in a box' platform from Groupe BPCE (a Natixis Payments + Visa JV, 2019): white-label accounts, Visa issuing and pay-in/out, backed by the largest Visa issuer in continental Europe.

Chip Card (Serbia) - card transaction processor (since 2004) holding an EMI licence from the National Bank of Serbia (May 2021).

Papara (Istanbul) - e-money wallet + prepaid Mastercard, mass payouts; EMI since 2016; owns Rebellion Pay (Spain EMI, EEA). RISK: Turkey central bank (CBRT/TCMB) revoked Papara licence Oct 2025 amid an illegal-betting / AML investigation; founder-CEO arrested. Spanish subsidiary separate. Proof-of-value for the Status/Risk column.

Param (Türk Elektronik Para A.S., Turkey) - Turkey's first approved e-money licensee and first non-bank BKM member; BaaS. EMI, Central Bank of Turkey (TCMB).

B4B Payments (UK; + Lithuania) - card issuing, BIN sponsorship and embedded payments. FCA (UK) + Bank of Lithuania (EEA); Mastercard Principal Member. Part of Banking Circle Group since 2021; 19+ years across UK/EU/US.

Bankable (UK) - white-label / aggregator BaaS platform on partner infrastructure (BYOL): virtual ledger, cards and SEPA/SWIFT.

Capital on Tap (New Wave Capital Ltd, UK) - SME business credit cards and lending; 200k+ SMB customers in the UK and US, GBP 20bn+ spend. Not a bank - restricted business-lending licence (FCA FRN 625592).

Compass Plus Technologies (Nottingham, UK; founded 1989) - TranzWare card issuing and transaction-processing software (card/account management, EMV issuance, clearing/settlement and fraud via FraudAxis), used by banks and processors globally.

Decta (UK; + Cyprus, Ireland) - card acquiring, issuer processing and BIN sponsorship; certified Visa/Mastercard/UnionPay processor. EMI, Central Bank of Cyprus (115.1.3.54) + Central Bank of Ireland + FCA (UK). 50+ settlement currencies.

Equals Money (UK) - Mastercard card issuing, FX and multi-currency accounts. FCA EMI + PI (UK). Merged with Railsr in 2025 (now 'Equals'); GBP 58bn+ volume. Group rebranded to Equals (Jun 2026; GBP 58bn+ annual volume).

Manigo (Manigo Connect Ltd, UK) - white-label BaaS / cards-as-a-service orchestration: own ledger, card issuing and BIN/EMI sponsorship, launchable with or without a licence. Fully-managed plus API.

🏦 Local IBANs: GB NL ES FR IE

Modulr (UK + Netherlands) - payments and accounts-as-a-service; EMI FCA (UK) + EMI DNB (Netherlands), passported across the EEA, with branches in IE/ES/FR.

Monavate (UK; + Lithuania) - card programme issuing and BIN sponsorship; Visa / Mastercard / Discover Principal Member. UK FCA (901097) + UAB Monavate (Bank of Lithuania, LB002139, EEA). EEA card rail via the Lithuanian entity.

Moorwand (London, UK) - BIN sponsorship and issuing (Mastercard, Discover, UnionPay). FCA EMI (FRN 900709). UK-only licence post-Brexit; EEA reach via partner Harmoniie SAS (ACPR EMI, France).

Uses NatWest UK banking licence + Vodeno tech; 82% owned by NatWest Bank Plc.

🏦 Local IBANs: GB LT MT

Nium (UK; + Singapore) - global cross-border payments and card issuing with APAC roots. EMI FCA (UK) + EMIs in Lithuania and Malta (EEA).

Paymentology (UK-incorporated; global) - global issuer-processor, Visa Cloud Connect certified. NB: DFSA censure in 2020 (misleading licence claim).

Paysafe (UK; NYSE-listed) - payments group: Paysafe Payment Solutions (Skrill, Neteller, Rapid Transfer) and Paysafe Prepaid Services (paysafecard) regulated by the Central Bank of Ireland (EEA), and Paysafe Financial Services (EMI, FCA FRN 900015, UK). MiCA CASP (CBI) for crypto across the EEA.

PSI-Pay (UK) - BIN sponsorship across consumer and corporate, physical and virtual cards; Mastercard Principal Issuing Member (+ Visa, Discover). FCA Authorised EMI. 16+ settlement currencies; founding member of Mastercard BIN Sponsor Plus.

Railsr (UK) - BaaS; FCA EMI + PI. Merged with Equals Money in 2025 (now 'Equals'); PayrNet (LT EMI) wound down. NB: earlier FCA restructuring risk. Rebranded to Equals (Jun 2026) after surpassing GBP 58bn annual volume.

Tribe Payments (UK) - issuer/acquirer processing technology; licences passported into the EEA for prepaid issuance.

Weavr (UK + Malta) - embedded finance for B2B SaaS on a compliance-managed model. Own EMI licence (Malta MFSA, 2024) + UK.

Galileo (US) - issuer-processor (SoFi-owned) providing core processing for large neobanks via partner issuing banks.

Highnote (US; since 2020) - issuing-as-a-service via sponsor banks.

i2c (US; since 2001) - issuer-processor running global card programmes via issuing banks.

IDT Financial Services (Gibraltar) - prepaid card issuing and BIN sponsorship; Visa & Mastercard Principal Member. Gibraltar-licensed issuing bank (GFSC). Subsidiary of IDT Corporation (US); founding member of Mastercard BIN Sponsor Plus. NB: Gibraltar is outside the EEA post-Brexit.

Lithic (US) - developer-first issuer-processor working with the client's issuing bank; not a bank itself.

Marqeta (US) - issuer-processor via sponsor banks (Sutton ~96%, Evolve, WebBank, Cross River); not a bank itself.

Stripe (US) - PSP with issuing via partner banks (US/EU) and strong developer experience; EU IBANs limited. Agentic-ready - co-developed the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP) with OpenAI and a Machine Payments Protocol (MPP) with Tempo/Visa.

Intergiro (Sweden) - BaaS. NB: EMI revoked 18 Jun 2025, insolvency 31 Jul 2025 - kept as a proof-of-value entry for the status/risk column.

Wirecard (Germany) - former DAX-30 payments and issuing group. NB: DEFUNCT - filed for insolvency 25 Jun 2020 after EUR 1.9bn was declared 'missing' (balance-sheet fraud; CEO arrested), triggering BaFin reform (FISG 2021). Kept as a proof-of-value entry for why licence and risk transparency matter.