Fintech infrastructure providers in US

Amazon Web Services (Seattle, US) - the global cloud hyperscaler most European fintechs actually run on. EU regions exist, but the US parent remains subject to the US CLOUD Act - the reference point of the sovereignty debate. Contrast / US.

Cardlytics (Atlanta, USA; Nasdaq: CDLX; founded 2008) - largest card-linked-offer network; native-ad and cash-back platform inside US and UK bank digital channels (Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo); visibility into ~50% of US and ~25% of UK card transactions; owns Dosh and Bridg. US-listed - purchase data under US jurisdiction (CLOUD Act). Contrast entry vs European card-linked rewards infrastructure.

Chargebee (US; Indian roots) - recurring billing and subscription management for SaaS and e-commerce: multi-currency billing, invoicing, account hierarchies, revenue recognition. Contrast / US.

Circle (US) - issuer of the USDC and EURC stablecoins; EU-issued USDC/EURC via Circle France (ACPR EMI), reserves held in EU credit institutions per MiCA Art. 36. US parent = CLOUD Act exposure.

CompoSecure (Somerset, New Jersey, US; Nasdaq: CMPO) - the metal payment card market leader (ABI Research #1), maker of premium metal cards for global card programmes. Contrast / US - the one big non-European name in card manufacturing.

Convera (US; ex-Western Union Business Solutions) - B2B cross-border payments & FX, 140+ currencies, ~USD 190bn/yr. US origin - contrast. EEA rail: Convera Europe S.A. (Luxembourg PI, CSSF) - see the licence register entry.

Corpay (US; ex-FleetCor) - corporate payments, AP automation + cross-border FX. US origin - contrast.

Elavon (Atlanta, US; unit of U.S. Bancorp) - the fourth-largest merchant acquirer in Europe, trading as Elavon Financial Services DAC (Dublin), a credit institution authorised by the Central Bank of Ireland (+ UK banking authorisation 2023); acquired Sage Pay/Opayo (USD 300m). Contrast / US.

Entrust (Minnesota, US; acquired Onfido) - card issuance + identity (IDV) + NFC issuer wallet for iOS in the EEA. US origin = CLOUD Act exposure - contrast.

FastSpring (Santa Barbara, US) - all-in-one merchant of record for software, SaaS and digital products: checkout, subscriptions, global tax liability. Contrast / US.

Fireblocks (US/Israel) - MPC-based digital-asset custody, wallet & transfer infrastructure (SaaS). Software vendor, not an EEA-licensed CASP. US origin = CLOUD Act exposure. Contrast entry.

Fiserv (Milwaukee, US; NYSE: FI) - global processor (First Data USD 22bn, 2019) with the Clover POS platform. European acquiring rail: European Merchant Services B.V. (EMS, Netherlands - ex-ABN AMRO JV, 100% Fiserv since Sep 2023; DNB-licensed PI) plus the CCV acquisition (NL). Contrast / US. Register-sourced: Payment institution (PI), The Netherlands Bank, ref F0007; passported to 30 EEA states.

Galileo (US) - issuer-processor (SoFi-owned) providing core processing for large neobanks via partner issuing banks.

Gr4vy (San Mateo, US; founded 2021 by ex-PayPal/Braintree) - cloud-native, no-code payment orchestration platform. US-origin contrast.

Highnote (US; since 2020) - issuing-as-a-service via sponsor banks.

i2c (US; since 2001) - issuer-processor running global card programmes via issuing banks.

Ivy, now Augustus (US; founded in Munich 2021 by Ferdinand Dabitz and Peter M. Lieck) - instant account-to-account bank payments API (open banking) backed by Valar Ventures and Creandum (USD 30m+); rebranded to Augustus in May 2026 after conditional OCC approval to form a US national 'clearing bank for the AI era'. EEA rail: Ivy Pay Oy (Finland PI). HQ decides origin (rule 8a); German founding heritage noted.

Jumio (Palo Alto, US; founded Vienna 2010) - AI identity verification / eKYC (ID + biometrics + liveness). US HQ = CLOUD Act exposure - contrast.

Kyriba (San Diego, US; founded in Paris 2000, French roots) - enterprise treasury and liquidity management SaaS, one of the global TMS leaders. Contrast / US-HQ with EU heritage.

Lithic (US) - developer-first issuer-processor working with the client's issuing bank; not a bank itself.

Marqeta (US) - issuer-processor via sponsor banks (Sutton ~96%, Evolve, WebBank, Cross River); not a bank itself.

MoonPay (Miami, US; founded 2019) - crypto on/off-ramp and payments infrastructure used by wallets and apps in 160+ countries: card and Apple/Google Pay checkout rendered on the developer's own domain.V. (Netherlands, ESMA register). Contrast / US.

Payoneer (New York, US; Nasdaq) - cross-border payments + multi-currency accounts for SMBs / marketplaces / freelancers. US origin - contrast.

PayPal (San Jose, US; Nasdaq: PYPL) - the global wallet and online-checkout giant. European rail: PayPal (Europe) S.a r.l. et Cie, S.C.A., a credit institution authorised and supervised by the CSSF (Luxembourg). Contrast / US - the biggest name absent from most sovereignty conversations.

Plaid (San Francisco, US; founded 2013) - open-banking / data network across 12,000+ institutions in US/CA/UK/EU, with a growing EU presence (London + Amsterdam). A contrast reference vs European OB (Tink/TrueLayer/Yapily); US-HQ = CLOUD Act exposure.

Provenir (Parsippany, US) - AI decisioning platform for credit risk, fraud and compliance decisions, used by larger lenders and financial institutions. Contrast / US.

Shift4 (Allentown, US; NYSE: FOUR) - US commerce and payments company whose European rail is Finaro (ex-Credorax), the Malta-licensed acquiring bank it acquired for USD 575m (closed Oct 2023); integrated acquiring and processing for merchants across Europe and the UK via Credorax Bank Ltd (Malta credit institution) and Shift4 Limited (Malta PI). Contrast / US.

Sovos (Boston, US) - global tax compliance and e-invoicing software across VAT, fiscalisation and continuous transaction controls (CTC). Contrast / US.

Spreedly (Durham, US) - payment orchestration with a universal card vault and routing across 120+ payment services. US-origin contrast.

Square (Block, Inc., US; NYSE: XYZ) - SME acquiring, POS and merchant services. European rail via Square Ireland (EMI, Central Bank of Ireland). Contrast / US. Register-sourced: E-money institution (EMI), Central Bank of Ireland, ref C184117; passported to 30 EEA states.

Stripe (US) - PSP with issuing via partner banks (US/EU) and strong developer experience; EU IBANs limited. Agentic-ready - co-developed the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP) with OpenAI and a Machine Payments Protocol (MPP) with Tempo/Visa.

Synctera (US) - BaaS via a sponsor-bank network; not licensed itself.

Taktile (New York, US; German roots - founded by an ex-QuantCo team, offices in Berlin and London) - decision platform for credit, risk and onboarding: build, test and optimise automated decision flows; EUR 51.5m Series B (2025). US HQ decides origin (rule 8a); European engineering heritage noted.

Treasury Prime (US) - BaaS via a sponsor-bank network; not licensed itself.

Unit (US) - US-only BaaS middleware via sponsor banks; not licensed itself.

Verifone (San Jose, US) - one of the largest global providers of payment terminals and point-of-sale electronic payment systems. Contrast / US.

Zero Hash (Chicago, US; founded 2017) - B2B crypto and stablecoin infrastructure-as-a-service: regulated APIs powering crypto and stablecoin flows for Stripe, Interactive Brokers, Franklin Templeton and BlackRock's BUIDL. Contrast / US.

Zuora (Redwood City, US; founded 2007) - the category-defining subscription management platform: billing automation, revenue recognition and payments. Contrast / US.